Penn IUR Faculty Fellow Jamaal Green, Assistant Professor of City and Regional Planning, led key data analysis for the study. His research shows that creative workers are far more likely to be self-employed, with most earning under $40,000 annually, and embedded across the broader economy, ranging from corporate design to arts education.

“Cultural workers are everywhere within the broader economy of the state. Their work is often undervalued in labor and policy systems despite contributing to a 'more vibrant and frankly a better and more human place.'"